All this happened, more or less.

The human infant, like billowy summer clouds, invites different perceptions. Montaigne, who saw sixteenth-century infants suckling goats, regarded the life form as an animal. Locke perceived a pristine block of marble ready to be sulpted. Freud's infant was avaricious, while Erikson and Bowlby, wearing rose-colored glasses, portrayed an innocent, gentle, helpless creature looking for care and affection. Each description was an intuition that felt right because of the historical moment in which it was introduced. ibid. 73

The origins of American psychology are found in the historical resolution of two conflicting nineteenth-century interests: a concern with character and morality, on one hand, and an equally strong belief in pragmatism, technology, and a materialist explanation of behavior implied by the Darwiniian thesis. These two ideas were incompatible at the end of the 19th century. How could anyone defend and idealistic description of humans as loyal, altruistic, cooperative and spiritual and simultaneously accept the extreme individualism and pursuit of self-interest society demanded and biology rationalized?

An Argument for Mind, by Jerome Kagan, Yale Univ. Press, 2006. p.8