The hypothesis in this article is that people who stand near the holes in a social structure are at higher risk of having good ideas. The argument is that opinion and behavior are more homogeneous within than between groups, so people connected across groups are more familiar with alternative ways of thinking and behaving, which gives them more options to select from and synthesize. New ideas emerge from selection and synthesis across the structural holes between groups. Some fraction of those new ideas are good. “Good” will take on specific meaning with empirical data, but for the moment, a good idea broadly will be understood to be one that people praise and value.
Novelty is not a feature of this hypothesis.Burt, R.S. 2003. Structural Holes and Good Ideas. The American journal of sociology, 2004. Volume 110, issue 2. page 349. http://www.econ.upf.edu/docs/seminars/burt.pdf
the ‘Ordinance Prohibiting Innovations’ by the Tokugawa dynasty in 1718 in order to prohibit ‘new things’.
Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee; reprove a wise man, and he will love thee.
Give to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser; teach a righteous man, and he will increase in learning.Proverbs 9:8-9
The accepted inventor of the bank credit card was John Biggins at the Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn in New York. The year, 1946. Mr Biggins developed the "Charge-It" program in which local merchants who accepted the card would deposit sales slips into the bank and the bank billed the customer.2. innovation, i.e. scaling/diffusing and monetizing the initial solution:
1958
Bank of America, based in San Francisco, California, issues BankAmericard. With the state of California as its market, the card is an early success, and it is the first “revolving-credit” card with universal merchant acceptance, allowing cardholders the option of paying their account balance in installments with a monthly finance charge applied to the remaining balance.
1976
BankAmericard changes its name to Visa, a simple, memorable name with an international flavor that is pronounced the same way in almost every language.
...the all-important innovation in ideas is not so much the domestication of plants and animals, but the cultivation of wild species of cereals that grew in abundance in the Levant and allowed sedentism to occur. It was sedentism which allowed the interval between births to be reduced, boosting population, as a result of which villages grew, social organisation became more complicated and, perhaps, a new concept of religion was invented, which in some ways reflected the village situation, where leaders and subordinates would have emerged. Once these changes were set in train, domesticated plants at least would have developed almost unconsciosly as people 'selected' wild cereals which were amenable to this new lifestyle. Ibid. p. 61
There was now more need for starage space, for larger families and, possibly, for defence ( with sedentism the number of material possessions grows and there's more to envy/steal). p. 62.
E.M.Rogers. Diffusion of Innovations,3rd ed. p. 389
So God created Mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. And God blessed them, and God said to them, Be fruitful, and multiply, replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth. ( Gen. 1:27-28)
And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth. And the fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every bird of the air, upon all that moves upthe earth, and upon all the fishes of the sea; into your hands are they delivered. ( Gen. 9:1-2)
Now the Lord said to Avram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, to the land that I will show thee: and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing: and I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him that curses thee: and in thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed. (Gen. 12:1-3)
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